Ireland is considered the birthplace of Halloween, with a number of festivals and parade held across the island, including the Samhain Festival in Limerick City.
Courtesy Failte Ireland
It’s the height of spooky season, which, in the United States, may mean visiting some of the scariest haunted houses, cueing up Hocus Pocus or making a trip to the local pumpkin patch. Halloween has become wildly popular in the United States, especially in recent years with the National Retail Federation estimating that U.S. spending for the holiday will reach $11.6 million in 2024, with 72% percent of Americans planning to celebrate the spooky day. But have you ever wondered: Where did Halloween originate and how did traditions, like trick or treating and decorating with orange and black, come to be?
While Halloween holds quite the spell on Americans, did you know the October holiday didn’t originate in the United States? Rather, we can thank the same country that’s given us Guinness beer, top golf courses and St. Patrick’s Day for the spooky October holiday.
The Hell Fire Club overlooking Dublin is considered one of the most haunted places in the world.
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That’s right: Ireland claims to be the birthplace of Halloween, and the Emerald Isle, to this day, is a popular place for Halloween travel. Even if you don’t sync your trip to Ireland up with one of the over-the-top Halloween celebrations, plenty of spine-chilling spots are open year-round for eerie itineraries.
Here’s more on how Ireland has helped shape Halloween traditions in the United States.
Where Did Halloween Originate?
Costumes on Halloween as a tradition are believed to originate from the Samhain Festival, when Celts wore masks and dressed in disguise to hide from evil spirits.
Courtesy Failte Ireland
The origin of Halloween dates back about 2,000 years ago to pagan Ireland, where the ancient festival of Samhain was celebrated on the island.
According to Tourism Ireland, the festival marked the end of harvest, and the start of winter. During this period, the Celts believed they were “closest to the underworld” and because such a thin veil separating the underworld from Earth, spirits were able to freely roam the Earth. During this time, it’s believed people put out treats to appease these wandering spirits and masked and costumed themselves to dupe any evil Earth wanderers.
Samhain is considered a time to reflect on those who have passed, explains Dr. Kelly Fitzgerald, Head of University College Dublin’s School of Irish, Celtic Studies and Folklore. But the timing of the festival is also important: Celebrated at the end of the harvest, as the days get shorter and clocks “fall back,” it’s a time of year when people tend to look inward and face their fears because they’re going into the darkness, she explains.
What Are The Origins Of Halloween Costumes?
While this year’s top Halloween costumes, according to Google, will be inspired by Beetlejuice and Australian Olympic breakdancer Raygun, the origins of dressing up for Halloween is actually pretty spooky: Celts wore masks and costumes to disguise themselves from the evil spirits so they wouldn’t be recognized by them.
Even the colors we associate with Halloween—black and orange—can be traced back to the Celts. Black symbolized entering darkness and winter, and can be associated with the underworld. Orange, on the other hand, signified the end of a productive harvest. The festival bridged the end of autumn with the beginning of winter.
What Is The Reason for Halloween Traditions?
From carving pumpkins to the black-and-orange colors, much of modern-day Halloween traditions can be traced back 2,000 years ago to Ireland’s festival of Samhain.
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Some of the Halloween traditions celebrated in the United States and elsewhere around the world can be traced back to the festival of Samhain.
Bonfires blazed to ward off demonic spirits, and the embers were carried home in hollowed out turnips, a trend that could have influenced carving jack-o-lanterns.
As for bats connection to Halloween? The Library of Congress says the Celts lighting of bonfires attracted insects, and thus the winged acrobats that gobbles them up. As such, bats became associated with the festival.
What’s The History of Trick-Or-Treating?
As for trick-or-treating? Like much of folklore, several theories exist on how it came to be in the United States. But long before there were bite-sized Butterfingers and fun-sized packages of Skittles, children and poor people in Ireland would visit more well-to-do families, offering to pray for their souls in exchange for Soul Cakes, according to Ireland’s tourism board, which are baked goods, usually decorated with a cross, and made with dried fruits and spices. The Library of Congress also says that during Samahin, the Celtic people would leave out foods to appease the spirits traveling between the underworld and the Earth at night.
Some also believe that trick-or-treating began with a Scottish practice of “guising,” which was the secular version of “souling” during the Middle Ages. Guisers didn’t offer prayers, but rather would exchange songs and jokes for treats.
Yet another theory on the origins of trick-or-treating, according to the Library of Congress, points to a German-American Christmas tradition called belsnickeling, in which children would dress in costume and if no one could recognize them, they earned treats.
How Is Halloween Celebrated In Ireland?
Halloween remains popular in Ireland to this day, with a number of bewitching celebrations, elaborate parades and state-of-the-art pyrotechnics shows throughout the country in late October and early November.
In County Meath, the Púca Festival celebrates a mysterious folkloric creature believed to have the power to change the fortunes of those who meet it. The Hill of Ward in County Meath is one of the earliest sites to host the festival of Samhain. The Celts lit a ceremonial fire to usher in a new season during the festival.
Or, celebrate at a carnival in Derry-Londonderry, an ancient walled city. Dracula fans descend on Dublin to celebrate the count as well as the one who dreamed him up at the Bram Stoker Festival.
What Are Some Haunted Destinations To Visit In Ireland?
The Dark Hedges trees tunnel in County Antrim is believed to be haunted by the “Grey Lady”
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Beyond these festivals, scare-seekers can find ghost tours year-round in Ireland.
Some of the scariest sites (should you dare) include the Hellfire Club in Dublin County, where the rich were rumored to play cards with the devil in the 18th century, and the Seafield House in the County Sligo, where no priest was able to exorcise a poltergeist from this 19th century country house. Or, look for the “Grey Lady” whose said to silently traipse along The Dark Hedges, a beech tree-lined avenue that you may recognize from HBO’s Game of Thrones as it represented Kingsroad. Legend has it she disappears with the night.